基底周期拉伸引起ECV-304细胞形态学变化的分析

对ECV-304细胞施以最大应变10％、0.67Hz的周期拉伸,利用计算机图像处理系统,对周期拉伸过程中ECV-304细胞的取向调整进行了形态学分析,结果显示：周期拉伸能引起细胞长轴取向垂直于最大主应变方向;加载12h内细胞长短径比增加,12-24h之间长短径比下降,随后趋于稳定;细胞在周期拉伸最大主应变方向上的最大截距缩短,而在垂直于最大主应变方向上的最大截距延长;取向调整的过程与长短径比增大的过程有显著的相关性。表明在周期拉伸过程中的取向调整是一个细胞具有方向差异性的变形过程,而不是刚性的旋转或位移。     

关于生态系统服务功能的几个科学问题

生态系统服务和产生这些服务的自然资本对于地球生命保障系统是至关重要的。它们直接或间接为人类提供了利益,并因而成为这个星球整个经济价值的一部分。本文讨论了关于生态系统服务功能研究的4个科学问题：即生态系统服务功能的精确定性、定量和定位,生态系统服务功能的空间转移,生态系统服务功能与生态安全,以及生态系统服务功能的持续利用。生态系统结构的空间异质性导致生态系统服务功能出现了空间上的异质性,因此生态系统服务功能的精确定性、定量和定位就十分重要了。生态系统服务功能的空间转移是指一些服务功能可能会通过某些途径,在空间上转移到系统之外的具备适当外部条件的地区并产生效能。这种特性使得生态系统服务功能可以在比其栖息地大很多的范围内产生经济价值。生态系统服务功能为人类提供了生存保障,它们的能力取决于生态系统中的生态资本存量;而生态资本存量的多少反映了一个国家可持续发展能力的大小。一个生态系统的生态资本存量与该系统的结构和功能密切相关,因此,生态系统服务功能受威胁状态就引发了生态安全问题。在许多区域,生态资源已经成为稀缺资源。为了持续利用生态资源,应该鼓励当地居民以经营生态系统服务为主要手段来发展经济,实现生态系统服务管理产业化。这4个关于生态系统服务功能的科学问题是相互关联的。讨论它们的目的是在于探索深入研究生态系统服务功能的切入点。     

感染小鼠组织中Q热立克次体的分子病理学检测

腹腔注射Q热立克次体悬液感染BALB／c小鼠,发病后解剖,取主要组织脏器,应用免疫组化和原位杂交检测感染小鼠体内Q热立克次体的抗原分布和DNA在靶细胞中的表达,探讨Q热病变规律及致病机理。结果显示阳性信号多位于单核-巨噬细胞系统细胞胞浆内。结果提示免疫组化和原位杂交技术可以作为Q热特异性的诊断方法,并为致病机理的研究提供线索。     

一种黑豆蚜储存蛋白质的分离纯化及其亚基的性质

从黑豆蚜 (AphiscraccivoraKoch)血淋巴中经DE5 2纤维素离子交换层析、SephadexG 15 0凝胶过滤以及在FPLC上QSepharose分离出一种蛋白质。该蛋白质经SDS PAGE测定在非还原和还原条件下分子量均为 6 0kD左右 ,等电聚焦电泳测得其等电点约为 5 .0 ,为糖蛋白。若蚜期间该蛋白质在蚜虫体内积累 ,羽化至成蚜时含量明显减少 ,为蚜虫提供发育所需氨基酸 ,在成蚜期间仍以低浓度存在。根据其分子量和氨基酸组成与含量变化动态应属不完全变态昆虫的一种持续性储存蛋白质。     

Diversity and activity of methanotrophs in alkaline soil from a Chinese coal mine

Culture-independent molecular biological techniques, including 16S rRNA gene and functional gene clone libraries and microarray analyses using pmoA (encoding a key subunit of particulate methane monooxygenase), were applied to investigate the methanotroph community structure in alkaline soil from a Chinese coal mine. This environment contained a high diversity of methanotrophs, including the type II methanotrophs Methylosinus / Methylocystis , type I methanotrophs related to Methylobacter / Methylosoma and Methylococcus , and a number of as yet uncultivated methanotrophs. In order to identify the metabolically active methane-oxidizing bacteria from this alkaline environment, DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) experiments using ¹³CH₄ were carried out. This showed that both type I and type II methanotrophs were active, together with methanotrophs related to Methylocella , which had previously been found only in acidic environments. Methylotrophs, including Methylopila and Hyphomicrobium , were also detected in soil DNA and after DNA-SIP experiments. DNA sequence information on the most abundant, active methanotrophs in this alkaline soil will facilitate the design of oligonucleotide probes to monitor enrichment cultures when isolating key alkaliphilic methanotrophs from such environments.     

Expression of NAD<Superscript>+</Superscript>-dependent formate dehydrogenase in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Enterobacter aerogenes</Emphasis> and its involvement in anaerobic metabolism and H<Subscript>2</Subscript> production

An expression system for NAD⁺-dependent formate dehydrogenase gene (fdh1), from Candida boidinii, was constructed and cloned into Enterobacter aerogenes IAM1183. With the fdh1 expression, the total H₂ yield was attributed to a decrease in activity of the lactate pathway and an increase of the formate pathway flux due to the NADH regeneration. Analysis of the redox state balance and ethanol-to-acetate ratio in the fdhl-expressed strain showed that increased reducing power arose from the reconstruction of NADH regeneration pathway from formate thereby contributing to the improved H₂ production.     

微胚乳玉米籽粒发育期间非胚部位（胚乳）中的腺苷二磷酸-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性变化

检测微胚乳玉米非胚部位（胚乳）中腺苷二磷酸-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（ADPG—PPase）的活性结果表明：微胚乳玉米的非胚部位（胚乳）中ADPG．PPase活性在授粉后21-28d达到峰值,而对照的玉米品种‘高油115’的ADPG—PPase活性在授粉后14-21d达到峰值,滞后约7d。‘高油115’非胚部位（胚乳）中ADPG—PPase活性最大值极显著高于微胚乳玉米,其单粒ADPG—PPase活性最大值为微胚乳玉米的2．2-3．6倍,其每克干重ADPG—PPase活性最大值则为微胚乳玉米的2．4—3．8倍。     

Systematic analysis of biochemical performance and the microbial community of an activated sludge process using ozone-treated sludge for sludge reduction

Two lab-scale bioreactors (reactors 1 and 2) were employed to examine the changes in biological performance and the microbial community of an activated sludge process fed with ozonated sludge for sludge reduction. During the 122 d operation, the microbial activities and community in the two reactors were evaluated. The results indicated that, when compared with the conventional reactor (reactor 1), the reactor that was fed with the ozonated sludge (reactor 2) showed good removal of COD, TN and cell debris, without formation of any excess sludge. In addition, the protease activity and intracellular ATP concentration of reactor 2 were increased when compared to reactor 1, indicating that reactor 2 had a better ability to digest proteins and cell debris. DGGE analysis revealed that the bacterial communities in the two reactors were different, and that the dissimilarity of the bacterial population was nearly 40%. Reactor 2 also contained more protozoa and metazoa, which could graze on the ozone-treated sludge debris directly.     

一株降解纤维素放线菌的分类研究

从高温稻草堆肥中分离到1株能降解纤维素的放线菌CN9,分别对其表型特征、化学特征和16SrRNA基因序列进行了分析,根据实验结果,CN9属于高温链霉菌。     

重组活性小鼠组织因子及其阻断性单抗的制备与应用

组织因子是一种位于细胞膜上的糖蛋白,是外源性凝血过程的关键启动因子,近年来其在肿瘤细胞迁移等其他过程中的重要作用也已逐渐被揭示．构建了融合有His标签的小鼠组织因子胞外区段重组蛋白基因,利用昆虫杆状病毒蛋白表达系统成功表达并得到大量可溶性重组小鼠组织因子．利用血浆凝集实验和鼠尾流血时间实验对此重组小鼠组织因子进行的活性检测表明,此重组蛋白具有良好的生物活性,可以引起血浆凝血或缩短鼠尾流血时间．同时,利用此重组蛋白为抗原,制备了小鼠组织因子的小鼠源功能阻断性单克隆抗体,在血浆凝集实验中证明其对小鼠组织因子的活性有明显抑制作用．利用此阻断性单抗,成功地在小鼠深静脉血栓模型中减轻了血栓形成,证明组织因子在深静脉血栓的病程发展中起重要作用,这也是组织因子阻断性单抗在此类动物模型中的首次成功应用．通过此项工作,成功地建立了大量制备具有良好生物活性的重组小鼠组织因子蛋白的方法,并进而得到了小鼠组织因子功能阻断性单抗,为利用各种小鼠动物模型对组织因子在各项生命活动中的作用进行深入研究奠定了良好的基础．